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Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of agricultural land, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, Gini index, environmental quality index, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on urbanization in seven ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam during the period 2014–2023. Urbanization in this region is an important phenomenon in the process of economic development, but also poses significant ecological and social challenges. This study uses a quantitative approach with panel data types (time series and cross section). The data are processed with the panel data regression analysis method, and the selection of the best model based on the results of the Chow Test and Hausman Test, which leads to the use of the Random Effect Model (REM). This study concludes that not all variables have a significant influence on urbanization in ASEAN countries in the 2014–2023 period. CO₂ emissions, the Gini index, and the environmental quality index are proven to have a significant influence in driving urbanization, reflecting the importance of economic, inequality, and environmental aspects in migration decisions. In contrast, agricultural land and FDI do not have a significant influence, indicating that spatial factors and foreign investment do not automatically trigger urbanization.

First Page

65

Last Page

79

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