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Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Abstract

Socioeconomic differences in tobacco consumption need not coincide with differences in spending among consumers. This study examines these associations among household heads using the 2014–2015 Indonesia Family Life Survey. A weighted logit model covers 12,279 heads, while weighted expenditure regressions cover a verified subset of 2,997 current-smoking heads with positive spending and child-related records. Education categories are harmonized across models, with robust standard errors and checks of age patterns, influential observations, and a gamma model with a log link. Male heads and employed heads have higher odds of current consumption; urban residence and secondary or tertiary education have lower odds. Among the selected spenders, annual work income, urban residence, and secondary or tertiary education are positively associated with annual expenditure. The employment association changes when income and expenditure functional forms change, while the child-count result is sensitive to the model. These findings distinguish the socioeconomic profile of current consumers from spending differences within a selected consumer group. They support targeted investigation of cessation and household financial education, without identifying causal effects, national prevalence, or displacement of essential expenditure.

First Page

104

Last Page

117

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