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Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the differences in the influence of the Gini ratio, unemployment rate, and education on economic growth in ten regencies/municipalities located within Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and ten conventional non-SEZ industrial regencies/municipalities in Indonesia during the period 2017–2023. The research adopts a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis. The selected model is the Common Effect Model. The results indicate that the Gini ratio, unemployment rate, and education significantly affect economic growth in Special Economic Zones. Meanwhile, in conventional industrial regencies/municipalities, the unemployment rate and education have a significant impact on economic growth, whereas the Gini ratio does not. These findings highlight structural and economic dynamic differences between SEZs and conventional non-SEZ industrial regions. Specifically, education and unemployment consistently influence economic growth in areas characterized by a high contribution from the manufacturing and trade sectors, while the Gini ratio is not always a determining factor in the increase or decrease of economic growth in a region.

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