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Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Abstract

Landsat-8 imagery contains a time series thermal image from 2013 to the present, which could be utilized to identify changes in land surface temperature (LST). Google Earth Engine (GEE) has provided straightforward access to the Landsat-8 thermal time series image. The LST alterations in urban areas are influenced by urban physical development and the impact of climate change, which has a detrimental effect on environmental conditions. This leads to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. This research aims to ascertain the spatial distribution of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon in Bogor City, Indonesia, utilizing Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery in Google Earth Engine (GEE). Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS images were captured between 2013 and 2023. The variable that influences UHI is Land Surface Temperature (LST), with the impact of vegetation and building density. UHI was analyzed by comparing the temperature of the city with that of the surrounding area. LST was extracted from Landsat-8 thermal imagery in band 10 using the mono-window algorithm in GEE. Vegetation density and building density were extracted from remote sensing indices, specifically the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Building Index (NDBI) through GEE. A correlation analysis was performed between LST, NDVI, and NDBI. The phenomenon of urban heat island (UHI) is evident in Bogor city, where the temperature is 5-10 °C higher than in the surrounding area. The expansion of the high-temperature area has been observed in 2018 and 2023, resulting in a larger heat island than that observed in 2013. The heat island is not limited to the city center but has also been observed in the outer city, particularly in the northeast area. Over the past 10 years, the temperature in this area has increased by 2.4 °C. The surface temperature exhibits a strong correlation with vegetation and building conditions, with a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.8.

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