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    Abstract

    The "Design for Project Learning" instructional innovation integrates Design Thinking principles into Project-Based Learning (PjBL), enabling students to identify problems, develop creative solutions, present prototypes, and foster 21st century skills. This study aims to design a learning framework that prioritizes projects as the primary medium for learning, guided by Design Thinking principles. The methodology is based on the Plomp educational problem-solving model, limited to the first three phases: (1) the preliminary investigation phase, which involves literature review and identifying instructional strategies; (2) the design phase, where the CAKRAWALA syntax (Causal Analysis, Knowledge Repository Approach, Workflow Analysis, and Luminous Appraisal) is developed; and (3) the realization phase, which includes validation by experts and small-scale trials. Findings indicate that the integration of PjBL and Design Thinking effectively enhances students' problem-solving abilities and literacy skills. Additionally, the CAKRAWALA framework provides a structured yet flexible approach, ensuring both creativity and systematic analysis in project based learning. The model has been validated as effective and is ready for broader implementation, with further refinements anticipated through subsequent testing phases.

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