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Abstract

This study explores collaborative strategies based on the Pentahelix model to enhance self-protection education against sexual violence for children with intellectual disabilities. Recognizing the heightened vulnerability of this population and the fragmented nature of existing protective mechanisms, this research adopts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method guided by PRISMA protocols. A total of 25 peer-reviewed, Scopus-indexed articles published between 2015 and 2024 were thematically analyzed. The findings reveal that multi-actor collaboration involving government, academia, communities, the private sector, and media plays a pivotal role in establishing responsive protection systems and educational interventions tailored to the specific needs of children with intellectual disabilities. This integrative approach addresses long-standing gaps in protection efforts by fostering shared responsibility, localized implementation, and sustainable program development. However, several challenges persist, including inadequate teacher training, cultural resistance to sexuality education, lack of adaptive teaching materials, and institutional dependency. These barriers limit the effectiveness and scalability of existing programs, especially in resource-constrained settings. The conceptual framework proposed in this study provides a foundation for future empirical research and offers practical guidance for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders aiming to strengthen inclusive and rights-based child protection systems. Although focused on the Indonesian context, the insights generated are relevant and potentially adaptable to other low- and middle-income countries facing similar structural and cultural constraints.

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