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Abstract

Javanese traditional drama (wayang) is a key element of Indonesia's cultural heritage, yet classroom instruction remains largely text-based and low in engagement. This study developed and evaluated Wayang 3D, a cloud-based interactive e-book integrating Canva, Heyzine, and H5P to support traditional-drama learning. Using the ADDIE model, the product was validated by content and media experts and tested through a quasi-experimental nonequivalent pretest–posttest control-group design with 62 ninth-grade students. Content validity was Feasible (79.5%) and media validity Very Feasible (83.0%); teacher and student practicality ratings were also Very Feasible (85.01%). The experimental group achieved a significantly higher normalised learning gain than the control group (Cohen's d = 1.80, 95% CI [1.20, 2.38]) and a higher gain in cultural appreciation (74.55% vs 53.50%; d = 1.04, 95% CI [0.50, 1.56]). The study proposes Performative Cultural Literacy—a three-principle model (enactive representation, graduated interactive practice, and culturally situated interpretation)—to guide digital pedagogy for performance-based intangible cultural heritage. Within this single-school context, the findings indicate the e-book is practical and effective, while wider generalisability requires multi-site replication and delayed post-testing.

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