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Abstract

Studies of the phonology and lexicon of regional languages need to be strengthened as sources of empirical data for teaching general linguistics. Batak Angkola has distinctive sound patterns and lexical forms that can be used to explain various linguistic concepts. This study aims to describe the phonological and lexical potential of Batak Angkola as a local linguistic resource for teaching general linguistics. The study employs a descriptive qualitative language research approach using 200 lexical forms corresponding to Swadesh glosses collected from native speakers of Batak Angkola in South Tapanuli Regency. The analysis was conducted through phonetic transcription as data documentation, examination of the distribution and contrast of sound realizations, classification of synchronic phonological variation, and comparison of lexical forms across speech areas. The findings identify eighteen consonant phonemes. A total of 127 coded cases of phonological variation, or 63.5% of the 200 glosses, were identified, consisting of 42 cases of assimilation (21.0%), 37 cases of deletion (18.5%), 28 cases of sound substitution (14.0%), 11 cases of dissimilation (5.5%), and 9 cases of sound addition (4.5%). These findings position the Batak Angkola corpus as a local empirical resource for explaining phoneme distribution, allophonic realization, synchronic phonological variation, lexical variation, and the relationship between language and speech communities.

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