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Abstract

This study aims to model and analyze a Microsoft Excel-based open-channel hydraulics simulation as a contextual learning resource for technical vocational education. A quantitative modeling approach was employed using Manning’s formula with five flow-depth scenarios ranging from 0.70 to 0.90 m, while the channel bottom width of 0.60 m, Manning’s roughness coefficient of 0.01, and channel slope of 0.015 were kept constant. The simulation was used to calculate the wetted area, wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius, flow velocity, and discharge for each scenario. The results showed that increasing flow depth systematically changed the hydraulic characteristics, with discharge increasing from 1.819 to 2.449 m³/s. The percentage increase in discharge between consecutive scenarios decreased from 8.59% to 6.92%. The simulation enables the relationships among channel geometry, hydraulic radius, velocity, and discharge to be systematically explored through spreadsheet-based calculations. It therefore has potential as a contextual learning resource that integrates hydraulic concepts, computational skills, and engineering problem analysis in vocational education. Classroom implementation is required to evaluate its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness as a learning resource.

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