This guide outlines manuscript preparation and presentation standards for submissions to Bahasa dan Seni (JBS). JBS does not require a specific manuscript template. Manuscripts must be written in English, use Century Schoolbook 11 pt for the main text, and follow APA 7th edition for citations and references. Final typesetting and layout are handled by the Digital Commons production team.

1. General Manuscript Preparation

• Submit an original, clearly written manuscript that fits the journal's scope in language, literature, arts, or their teaching and learning.
• Prepare the manuscript as an editable document without needing to follow a prescribed journal template. Use Century Schoolbook, 11 pt for the main text and apply APA 7th edition consistently to citations, references, and relevant presentation conventions.
• Include the manuscript title, author information, abstract, keywords, main text, references, and any required statements according to the journal's submission requirements. Do not omit the abstract on the basis of generic platform instructions.
• Use consistent spelling, terminology, abbreviations, capitalization, and numbering throughout the manuscript.
• Submit editable text and tables whenever possible. Ensure that all figures and supplementary items are clearly labeled and cited in the text.
• Remove tracked changes, editorial comments, and hidden annotations from the version intended for production.

2. Manuscript Template and Production Formatting

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya does not require authors to use a specific manuscript template. Authors may prepare their manuscripts using a standard Microsoft Word document, provided that the submission complies with the journal's requirements concerning manuscript structure, academic language, author identification, references, and publication ethics.

Manuscripts must be written in English, use Century Schoolbook, 11-point font for the main text, and follow the American Psychological Association (APA), 7th edition for citations and references.

Authors remain responsible for the completeness, accuracy, consistency, and scholarly quality of their manuscripts, including tables, figures, references, and author information. Authors may be asked to review and approve proofs before publication.

3. Author Identification and Institutional Affiliation

Complete and accurate author information must be provided for every author, both in the manuscript and in the journal submission system, as applicable. The information must be consistent across both records.

• Full name: Provide each author’s full name in the preferred publication form. Use consistent spelling and name order.
• ORCID iD (if available): Include each author’s individual ORCID identifier, preferably as a full URL (for example, https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000). Do not use another person’s identifier.
• Email address: Supply a valid email address for each author. Clearly identify the corresponding author and provide an email address through which they can be contacted.
• Institutional affiliation: State the department, faculty or unit (where applicable), and full official name of the university or other institution for each author.
• Complete institutional address: Include the institution’s street address, city, postal code, and country, with province or state where applicable. Use the address of the relevant institutional unit when necessary.
• Multiple affiliations: Clearly associate each author with the correct institution(s), using clear superscript markers or another consistent, unambiguous format.

4. Language, Title, Abstract, and Keywords

• English is the required language for manuscript submission. Authors should use clear, accurate, publication-ready academic English and apply a consistent variety of English throughout the manuscript. Research involving Indonesian or other languages may present original-language data or quotations where necessary, accompanied by an English translation or explanation as appropriate.
• Provide the title, abstract, and keywords in English, following the journal's submission requirements. Include additional-language metadata only where the journal explicitly requests it.
• The abstract should concisely describe the research purpose, approach or method, principal findings, and contribution. Avoid citations and unexplained abbreviations unless essential.
• Choose precise keywords that represent the manuscript's central concepts and improve discoverability.
• Italicize foreign expressions when appropriate, but follow established disciplinary conventions for linguistic examples, transliteration, and specialized terminology.

5. Article Organization

Use a coherent scholarly structure appropriate to the type of article and research tradition. For empirical studies, the manuscript will ordinarily contain an Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion, and Conclusion. The journal may accommodate other justified structures for theoretical, interpretive, literary, linguistic, or arts-based scholarship when consistent with its author guidelines.

• Introduction: Explain the problem, relevant scholarship, research gap, objective, and contribution.
• Methods: Describe the research design, sources or participants, data collection, analytical procedures, and ethical considerations where applicable.
• Results and Discussion: Present findings with appropriate evidence, interpret their significance, and relate them to existing research.
• Conclusion: Address the research objective and articulate the main contribution and implications without merely repeating the discussion.

6. Headings, Paragraphs, and Typography

• Use Century Schoolbook, 11 pt for the main manuscript text. Apply a consistent hierarchy of headings and subheadings, following APA 7 and the journal's editorial requirements.
• Keep paragraphs focused and transitions clear. Avoid unnecessary blank lines, inconsistent indentation, or manually inserted spaces for alignment.
• Use italics consistently for book titles, journal titles, foreign terms, and other items required by APA 7 or disciplinary conventions.
• Use boldface sparingly and consistently. Do not use underlining or colored text for routine emphasis.

7. Tables, Figures, and Illustrations

• Number tables and figures consecutively in the order they are first mentioned (e.g., Table 1, Figure 1).
• Refer to every table and figure in the manuscript and place it near the relevant discussion, unless the submission system directs otherwise.
• Provide clear captions, readable labels, and source or permission information when relevant.
• Use high-quality images and diagrams appropriate for publication. Ensure that charts remain understandable in grayscale when practical.
• Secure permission to reproduce copyrighted images, artworks, scores, photographs, or other third-party materials when required.

8. Citations and References: APA Seventh Edition

JBS manuscripts must use APA 7th edition consistently for in-text citations and the reference list, subject to any additional journal-specific editorial instructions.

• Use the author–date system for in-text citations, for example (Hanafi, 2024) or Hanafi (2024).
• For works with two authors, cite both authors; for works with three or more authors, generally use the first author's surname followed by et al. from the first citation.
• For direct quotations, provide page numbers or another appropriate locator when available.
• Ensure that every in-text citation appears in the reference list and every reference-list entry is cited in the text, except where APA provides a specific exception.
• Alphabetize references by the first author's surname. Apply APA 7 capitalization, italics, author formatting, and hanging indentation.
• Include DOIs as links in the form https://doi.org/... whenever available; verify bibliographic details and links before submission.
• Prioritize relevant, credible, and up-to-date scholarly literature, particularly primary research where appropriate.

8.1. In-Text Citations: Common Patterns

APA 7 uses the author–date system. The examples below use invented authors and titles for teaching purposes; they are not actual publications and must not be copied into a manuscript as real references.

8.2. Paraphrases and Direct Quotations

Direct quotations of fewer than 40 words are placed within quotation marks. Quotations of 40 words or more are formatted as indented block quotations without quotation marks. Provide a page number or other suitable locator for direct quotations. Page numbers are encouraged but not ordinarily required for paraphrases.

8.3. Reference List: Model Entries

The following are formatting models using fictional bibliographic information. Replace all names, years, titles, volume numbers, page ranges, URLs, and DOIs with the verified details of sources actually consulted.

8.4. APA 7 Formatting Rules Authors Frequently Miss

• Reference order: Arrange entries alphabetically by the first author's surname; do not number the list.
• Author names: Write surname followed by initials. For 2–20 authors, list all authors; for 21 or more, list the first 19, an ellipsis, and the final author.
• Article and book titles: Use sentence case; capitalize the first word, the first word after a colon or em dash, and proper nouns.
• Journal titles: Use title case and italics. Italicize the journal volume number, but not the issue number or page range.
• DOIs: Format verified DOIs as hyperlinks beginning https://doi.org/. Do not add a period after a DOI or URL.
• Hanging indent: Indent subsequent lines of each reference by 0.5 inch (1.27 cm). Use consistent double spacing for APA-style references unless journal production instructions specify otherwise.
• Correspondence: Each reference must match an in-text citation and vice versa, with limited APA exceptions such as personal communications.
• Source accuracy: Verify author order, publication year, spelling, volume, issue, pages, DOI, and source accessibility. Do not invent citations or DOIs.

8.5. Frequent Errors: Incorrect vs. Correct

Further guidance: Consult the APA Style reference examples and APA Style citation guidance for additional source types and edge cases.

9. Research Ethics and Publication Declarations

• Describe research ethics approval, participant consent, confidentiality, and protection of identifiable data where applicable.
• Disclose conflicts of interest and funding or other support as required by the journal.
• Provide author contribution and data availability statements where required by the editorial or production process.
• Disclose the use of generative AI tools in accordance with the journal's current policy; authors remain responsible for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the submitted work.
• Ensure that authorship accurately reflects scholarly contributions and that all listed authors approve the submitted manuscript.
• Do not submit plagiarized, fabricated, falsified, or simultaneously submitted work.

10. Final Checks Before Submission

1. Confirm alignment with JBS aims and scope; check that the manuscript is in English, uses Century Schoolbook 11 pt for the main text, and follows APA 7th edition.
2. Verify every author’s full name, email address, institutional affiliation, complete institutional address, and ORCID iD where available; identify the corresponding author.
3. Check that title, abstract, keywords, headings, tables, and figures are complete and consistent.
4. Review language quality and the coherence of arguments across sections.
5. Check all in-text citations, reference entries, DOIs, and APA 7 formatting.
6. Verify permissions, ethics information, and required declarations.
7. Proofread the final manuscript and remove unresolved comments or tracked changes.

For the latest submission requirements, consult the official Bahasa dan Seni journal website and its current author instructions.