أخلاقيات النشر
Publication Ethics Statement
This statement sets out the ethical behaviour expected of all parties involved in publishing an article in Al-Arabi — authors, the editor in chief, the editorial board, peer reviewers and the publisher. It is based on the COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors.
The publication of an article in a peer-reviewed journal is an essential building block in the development of a coherent and respected network of knowledge. It directly reflects the quality of the work of the authors and the institutions that support them. Universitas Negeri Malang, as publisher of Al-Arabi, takes its duties of guardianship over all stages of publishing seriously and is committed to ensuring that advertising, reprint or other commercial revenue has no influence on editorial decisions.
واجبات المحررين
Duties of Editors
Publication decisionsThe editor is responsible for deciding which submitted articles are published, guided by the validity of the work, its importance to researchers and readers, the policies of the editorial board and legal requirements regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism.
Fair playManuscripts are evaluated for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship or political philosophy of the authors.
ConfidentialityThe editor and editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers and the publisher, as appropriate.
Disclosure and conflicts of interestUnpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor’s own research without the express written consent of the author.
واجبات المحكّمين
Duties of Reviewers
Contribution to editorial decisionsPeer review assists the editor in making decisions and, through editorial communication, helps authors improve their paper.
PromptnessA reviewer who feels unqualified to review a manuscript, or who cannot review it promptly, should notify the editor and excuse himself or herself.
ConfidentialityManuscripts received for review are confidential documents and must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorised by the editor.
Standards of objectivityReviews should be objective; personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.
Acknowledgement of sourcesReviewers should identify relevant published work not cited by the authors and alert the editor to any substantial similarity or overlap with other published work.
Conflicts of interestPrivileged information obtained through peer review must be kept confidential. Reviewers should decline manuscripts in which they have competitive, collaborative or other conflicts of interest.
واجبات المؤلفين
Duties of Authors
Reporting standardsAuthors should present an accurate account of the work performed and an objective discussion of its significance, with sufficient detail and references to permit replication. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements are unacceptable.
Originality and plagiarismAuthors must ensure that their work is entirely original and that the work and/or words of others are appropriately cited or quoted.
Multiple or concurrent publicationAuthors should not publish essentially the same research in more than one journal, nor submit the same manuscript to more than one journal at the same time.
Acknowledgement of sourcesProper acknowledgement of the work of others must always be given.
AuthorshipAuthorship is limited to those who made a significant contribution to the study. The corresponding author ensures that all co-authors have approved the final version and agreed to its submission.
Conflicts of interestAuthors must disclose any financial or other substantive conflict of interest and all sources of financial support.
Errors in published worksAuthors who discover a significant error in their published work must promptly notify the editor and cooperate to correct or retract the paper.
Similarity check. Manuscripts are reviewed by the editorial board only after the author attaches a similarity report (e.g., Turnitin) showing that the article is at least 75% original (maximum 25% similarity). See the
Plagiarism Policy.
معايير التأليف
Authorship Criteria
Al-Arabi follows the COPE guidance and the ICMJE recommendations on authorship. Every person listed as an author must meet all of the following criteria:
1. Substantial contributionto the conception or design of the study, or to the collection, analysis or interpretation of the data.
2. Drafting or revisingthe manuscript, or revising it critically for important intellectual content.
3. Final approvalof the version to be published.
4. Accountabilityagreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work and to answer questions about its accuracy and integrity.
Contributors who do not meet all four criteria (for example, data collectors, language editors or general supervisors) should be named in the Acknowledgements, not as authors. Guest, gift and ghost authorship are not acceptable. The corresponding author ensures that all co-authors have approved the manuscript, agreed to its submission and to the order of authors, and is responsible for communication with the journal. Any change to the author list after submission (addition, removal or reordering) requires a written request signed by all authors and approval by the editor; changes after acceptance are allowed only in exceptional cases. AI tools cannot be listed as authors (see the AI Use Policy).
تضارب المصالح
Conflict of Interest Policy
A conflict of interest exists when financial, institutional, personal or academic relationships could influence, or be seen to influence, the objectivity of research, review or editorial decisions.
Authorsmust disclose all sources of funding and any financial or non-financial interests related to the work in a short Conflict of Interest statement placed before the References. If there is none, they state: “The authors declare no conflict of interest.”
Reviewersmust decline to review a manuscript if they have a competitive, collaborative or personal relationship with the authors or institutions, or if they can identify the authors and cannot remain impartial.
Editorsdo not handle manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest. Manuscripts authored by the Editor in Chief or members of the editorial board are assigned to another editor, and the conflicted editor has no access to the review process or the decision.
ادعاءات سوء السلوك البحثي
Allegations of Research Misconduct
Research misconduct includes fabrication or falsification of data, plagiarism (including self-plagiarism), duplicate or redundant publication, inappropriate authorship, citation manipulation, undisclosed conflicts of interest, manipulation of the peer-review process and research conducted without appropriate ethical approval or informed consent.
Anyone may raise a concern about a submitted or published article by writing to [email protected], describing the concern and providing supporting evidence. Al-Arabi handles every allegation confidentially and fairly, following the COPE flowcharts:
- The editor acknowledges receipt and carries out a preliminary assessment of the evidence.
- If the concern appears to be valid, the authors are contacted and given the opportunity to respond.
- The editor may consult reviewers, editorial board members or independent experts and, where necessary, refer the case to the authors’ institution.
- The editor decides on the outcome and informs the complainant and the authors.
Depending on its seriousness, the outcome may be: no action; clarification or education of the authors; rejection of the manuscript; publication of a correction or an expression of concern; retraction of the article; notification of the authors’ institution; and/or a temporary ban on submissions to Al-Arabi.
النقاش بعد النشر
Post-Publication Discussion
Al-Arabi welcomes scholarly discussion of its published articles. Readers may send comments, critiques or questions about a published article to [email protected], citing the article title and DOI. Comments must be respectful, relevant and based on evidence. The editor evaluates each comment and, where appropriate, forwards it to the authors for a reply. Substantive comments may be published as a Letter to the Editor together with the authors’ response. If the discussion reveals errors or possible misconduct, the matter is handled under the correction, retraction or misconduct procedures on this page.
التصحيح والسحب
Corrections and Retractions
Al-Arabi preserves the integrity of the scholarly record. Once published, an article is not altered silently; any change is made through a formal, linked notice that is registered with Crossref, following the COPE Retraction Guidelines.
Erratumcorrects an error introduced by the journal during editing, layout or publication.
Corrigendumcorrects a significant error made by the authors that does not invalidate the findings. Authors request it by contacting the editor.
Expression of Concernis issued when there is inconclusive evidence of a serious problem or an investigation is still ongoing.
Retractionis issued when findings are unreliable (because of error or misconduct), or in cases of plagiarism, duplicate publication or unethical research. The article remains online, marked “RETRACTED”, and is linked to the retraction notice explaining the reason.
Removal of an article is considered only in exceptional cases, such as a legal requirement or a serious risk to health or privacy; in that case the bibliographic metadata and a notice of removal remain online.
